Quoting and paraphrasing the chicago manual of style. Following is the breakdown between ap style and chicago style. In english writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, speech marks, quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name. Punctuation and closing quotation marks cmos shop talk cmos shop talk. Jul 28, 2020 a prose quotation of five or more lines, or more than 100 words, should be blocked. This is one of my biggest pet peeves and where i go against my bible the chicago manual of style. In the nb system, the footnote or endnote itself begins with the appropriate fullsized number, followed by a period and then a space.
Use the plagiarism guide to help you understand and avoid plagiarism. Jun 11, 2014 keep in mind that so far weve been discussing american style punctuation. Citation information will allen, peter connor, heidi scott, and laurel nesbitt. Within your text, place superscript numbers at the end of the clause or sentence and after all punctuation, including commas, periods, and quotation marks. Some is just to remind the reader of standard usage e. Chicago specifically states that there should be no space between the final ellipsis and the quotation mark. Place the reference with page number s at the end of the quote after punctuation.
In the chicago manual of style authordate format, what is the preferred way to place the reference to a block quote, if the author name is mentioned in the text. Please refer to the chicago manual of style for further information on quotation style. The grammatical use of punctuation is fairly settled. Block quotes this guide provides a step by step overview of how to set up documents for chicago style in microsoft word.
Its a good idea to quote a source directly if your argument depends on the exact wording of what youre quoting. According to the chicago manual of style, commas and periods are almost always placed before a closing quotation mark, like this, rather. The fullstop at the end of the surrounding sentence belongs outside of. Single quotation marks may come first, with double marks used for. Rather, employ the technique of rephrasing the cited idea into you own words. University of chicago 2017 punctuation, chicago manual of style, 17th edn, university of chicago press, chicago. The official chicago manual of style website, updated regularly, is the comprehensive guide to all things cms. This guide introduces the chicago format and provides examples of citation styles you might use in research papers.
Ap style doesnt specify, but it looks wrong with a space, so i think it would be safer to leave out the space between the final ellipsis and the quotation mark. Sep 12, 2019 in notes and bibliography style, your citations appear in either footnotes or endnotes. Titles in the text as well as in references are treated with quotation marks if it is an article or chapter title of short works and italics if it is a book or larger periodical title. Since the chicago manual of style cmos is primarily intended as a style guide for published works rather than class papers, these guidelines will be supplemented with information from, kate l. A bit more complex than either the mla or the apa, it offers two approaches for documenting sources. Chicago suggests omitting commas in a couple of situations. Review the style guides below if you are required to use these academic formatting styles for your paper. There is a reason this is called a punctuation guide.
Punctuation and closing quotation marks cmos shop talk. If you are not certain which style to use, consult your instructor. As the chicago manual says, the practice in the united kingdom and elsewhere is often the reverse of that found in american usage. Correct quotation mark usage writing academy scribophile. Our primary focus will be on the rules for footnotes, but we will provide some guidance for endnotes as well. Blocked quotations should be indented with the word processors indention tool. Mar 25, 2020 headline style refers to the style in which all the important words of the title are capitalized. Only one space after the end of a sentence, not two. May 12, 2011 so, for example, the chicago manual of style 16 th edition, which otherwise endorses the american way this is a traditional style, in use well before the first edition of this manual 1906. Chicago style or cmos and ap style differ when it comes to punctuating an ellipsis. If a quotation is introduced by that, whether, or a similar conjunction, no comma is needed.
Rules from ap stylebook, bad grammargood punctuation, chicago manual of style, gregg reference manual, morsons, and grammar girl ap stylebook sic do not use sic unless it is in the matter being quoted. Turabians manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations 8th ed. Quotations and signal phrases chicago style guide 17th. Chicago style for students and researchers by kate l. The only end punctuation that would go outside the quotation marks would be a question. Click to learn more about your options for accessing the chicago manual of style online or scientific style and format online. You will have noticed that there were punctuation differences in the examples above. To create a chicago footnote or endnote reference, a superscript number is placed at the end of the clause or sentence that the citation applies to, after any punctuation periods, quotation marks, parentheses. In the united states, the leading style guides are the chicago manual of style and the associated press stylebook.
Footnotes and endnotes chicago manual of style the. Youre using the wrong punctuation in marketing ken worrall. Do not enclose the direct quote in quotation marks. Chicago style footnotes citation format and examples.
The chicago manual of style contains a lot of information on punctuation. The comma is the mark most frequently used to introduce quoted material. A period precedes closing quotation marks, whether double or single. References dixon jc and bolitho b 20052019 course notes and exercises. Jan 16, 2012 the chicago manual of style, sixteenth edition 6. Footnotes and endnotes chicago manual of style the nature. This is intended as a quick rundown or cheat sheet. With the chicago guide to grammar, usage, and punctuation, he has written the definitive guide for writers who want their prose to be both memorable and correct. A prose quotation of five or more lines should be blocked. In keeping with the chicago manual of style, punctuation should be included before double quotation marks.
The chicago manual of style by university of chicago press staff editor 9th edition countless publishing professionals have learned the details of their business from this classic. The chicago manual of style is a book, not a style guide as you find in companies. However, the chicago manual of style recommends that for the sake of clarity writers are more cautious about using shortened citations see above. Umass boston primarily follows the chicago manual of style and occasionally the new york times manual of style and usage. Chicago intext citations styles, format and examples.
Chicago style 16th edition handout howe center for. Quotation marks are often used to alert readers that a term is used in a nonstandard or slang, ironic, or other special sense. Quotation marks may be used to indicate that the meaning of the word or phrase they surround. The most commonly used academic styles are apa, mla, and chicago. The chicago manual of style online is the venerable, timetested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format.
Try a free 30day trial of the chicago manual of style online or scientific style and format online. Block quotes chicago manual of style formatting guide. As smith 2000, 3 wrote about this issue, this is a block quote which is spanning more than three lines so that it definitely deserves to be indented. Jun 04, 2015 place end punctuation at the end of the quotation, before the intext citation or superscript. Punctuation in relation to closing quotation marks 6. Oct 20, 2020 according to the chicago manual of style, commas and periods are almost always placed before a closing quotation mark, like this, rather than after, like this. This traditional style has persisted even though its no longer universally followed outside of the united states and isnt entirely logical. Mar 18, 2018 chicago manual of style formatting guide for microsoft word. The chicago manual of style documentation system is used in both the humanities and the social sciences. General notes about this guide chicagoturabian 7th ed. Colons and semicolons unlike periods and commas follow closing quotation marks. The author of the chicago manual of style s popular grammar and usage chapter, garner explains the vagaries of english with absolute precision and utmost clarity. A blocked quotation does not get enclosed in quotation marks.
We offer subscriptions for individuals, groups, and institutions. Ap style says to treat the ellipsis as a threeletter word, i. Many academic papers require use of an academic style to format the paper and the citations. The chicago manual of style suggests 100 words or more as a general rule, but offers many factors other than length to be considered. Neither means that the usual headline style or title style caps still apply, but the titlename is naked as far as quotes and italics are concerned. The essential guide for writers, editors and publishers, fifteenth edition z253. Do not enclose blocked quotation in quotation marks, but keep any quotation marks that appear in the original text. Commas and periods with quotation marks cmos shop talk. If you use the same source but a draw from different new page, the corresponding note should use ibid.
Sep 10, 2014 lets talk about punctuation within quotation marks. The chicago guide to grammar, usage, and punctuation. When citations are used in runin quotations, they should not, according to the christian writers manual of style, contain the punctuation either from the quotation itself such as a terminating exclamation mark or question mark or from the surrounding prose. When quotation marks and apostrophes collide cmos shop talk cmos. It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. Quoting and paraphrasing the chicago manual of style guide. When it comes to periods or full stops, cmos follows most standard rules. The author wrote that the sentence comes to an end like this. I think the hash marks are not to be confused with an endquote mark. The first is that cmos recommends only using a comma before etc. In british usage, single quotation marks are more widely used. According to the chicago manual of style, commas and periods are almost always placed before a closing quotation mark, like this, rather than after, like this.
Punctuation in relation to closing quotation marks. But as a proofreader, it pays to know the subtleties of punctuation in chicago style periods and abbreviations. When style issues are implicated in this guide, i have usually deferred to the chicago manual of style, 17th edition. When there is a discrepancy, chicago trumps the nyt. Heres what the chicago manual of style states in rule 7.
Feb 10, 2021 dont rely too heavily on the use of quotes in your paper. Block quotes chicago manual of style formatting guide for. According to the chicago manual of style, 16th edition. If youre working with a longer document, you can add section headings as well e. It attempts to provide guidance, rather than blackandwhite rules. Direct quotes start a new paragraph enter text as a freestanding block of text indent text on left margin by one half inch double space place. For americans, the chicago manual of style both print and online and purdue universitys online writing lab are good resources. To do this, you should place the quoted text inside double quotation marks i. Additional examples and explanations may be found in the chicago manual of style.
In the last sentence you have, theres an extra comma outside the quotation marks that should be. Here, we follow the spirit of the law if not the letter of it. The british place punctuation that is part of the quote within the quotation marks, including the exclamation mark and question mark. Weinstein, the market in platos republic, classical philology 104 2009.
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